what is sustainable livelihood approach

Human capital , e.g., health, nutrition, education, knowledge and skills, capacity to work, capacity to adapt, Social capital, e.g., networks and connections (patronage, neighborhoods, kinship), relations of trust and mutual understanding and support, formal and informal groups, shared values and behaviors, common rules and sanctions, collective representation, mechanisms for participation in decision-making, leadership, Natural capital, e.g., land and produce, water and aquatic resources, trees and forest products, wildlife, wild foods and fibers, biodiversity, environmental services, Physical capital , e.g., infrastructure (transport, roads, vehicles, secure shelter and buildings, water supply and sanitation, energy, communications), tools and technology (tools and equipment for production, seed, fertilizer, pesticides, traditional technology), Financial capital,1 e.g., savings, credit and debt (formal, informal), remittances, pensions, wages, shocks, e.g., conflict, illnesses, floods, storms, droughts, pests, diseases, seasonalities, e.g., prices and employment opportunities, critical trends, e.g., demographic, environmental, economic, governance, and technological trends. Livelihood "A livelihood, on the other hand, is engagement in a number of activities which, at times, neither require a formal agreement nor are limited to a particular trade. This approach is unique since individual approach is a contributing factor to these women being poor. Jobs invariably do. Figure 2.9 – The Sustainable Livelihood model in the DFID Guidelines (DFID 1999, figure 1, p.1) Figure 2.10 – The dynamic nature of assets in a modern development economics scenario (Sayer and Campbell 2001, figure 10, p.218) SL approaches and frameworks attempting to operationalise these principles received considerable attention from donors (principally DFID) in the last decade of the 20th century, and their explicit use in guiding rural development has since declined. You might, therefore, find it helpful to ‘test’ the livelihoods framework by trying to assess your own personal situation. Analysis and intervention in the SL approach is holistic and cuts across individual sectors, reflecting diversity in the livelihoods of poor people. The opinions expressed in this chapter are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Asian Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. A portfolio will be diversified over time, and between households, communities and generations; hence the composition of livelihood strategies is a dynamic element of sustainable livelihoods, and as such requires a historical analytical approach. A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets, and activities required for a means of living. Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) offers a practical framework for conceptualising livelihoods and their sustainability (Morse and McNamara 2013). SLA first seeks It organizes the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood opportunities, and shows how they relate. It does not replace other tools, such as participatory development, sector … As important is the process by which it seeks to promote sustainable livelihoods. The sustainable livelihoods approach facilitates the identification of practical priorities for actions that are based on the views and interests of those concerned but they are not a panacea. Livelihoods may or may not involve money. The concept of Sustainable Livelihood (SL) is an attempt to go beyond the conventional definitions and approaches to poverty eradication. The SL approach has had a considerable influence upon the policies and strategies of a number of development agencies, notably the UK's Department for International Development (DFID), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and many non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Sustainable livelihood. The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Financial capital tends to be the least available livelihood asset of the poor. Processes are important to every aspect of livelihoods. 7.2.1 The Basic Needs Approach Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. 54.36.54.1. This framework addresses the impacts of environmental hazards and shocks. It organizes the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood opportunities, and shows how they relate. Livelihoods are self-directing. The Sustainable Rural Livelihood Approach was considered to be the most promising of the various options. The vulnerability context includes, ADB (2004) Future solutions now—the tonle sap initiative. Of the various components of a livelihood, the most complex is the portfolio This paper addresses the question of whether sustainable livelihood approaches have value at the level of overall policy on poverty reduction, and specifically addresses to what extent the approach might be used in support of poverty reduction strategy papers. It helps formulate development activities that are. Sustainable livelihood program is conducted with sustainable livelihood framework to understand the complexities and principles of poverty. The Sustainable Livelihood Approach The sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) is a way of thinking about the objectives, scope, and priorities for development activities. (ii) Organization of this paper This paper reviews some of the broad theoretical and case-study based literature on various forms of livelihood diversification in rural areas of … It is defined in terms of the ability of a social unit to enhance its assets and capabilities in the face of shocks and stresses over time. It will: • Adopt a long term strategic approach to programme development; • Be consistent with needs-based priorities of supporting rural livelihoods – invest in poor people It is an important step in opening up the dialogue on the “livelihood approach” and how DFID personnel and others can work to promote this in their day-to-day operations. Cite as. in the sustainable livelihoods (SL) approach, and in development work which aims to reduce the elements of vulnerability that are a result of poverty. In a Word The sustainable livelihoods approach improves understanding of the livelihoods of the poor. The sustainable livelihoods approach is a way of thinking about the objectives, scope, and priorities for development activities. It brings attention to bear on the inherent potential of people in terms of their skills, social networks, access to physical and financial resources, and ability to influence core institutions. It is based on evolving thinking about the way the poor and vulnerable lives their lives and the importance of policies and institutions. Although they can, in theory, be applied to work with any stakeholder group, an implicit principle for DFID is that activities should be designed to maximise livelihood benefits for the poor. They grant or deny access to assets. The sustainable livelihoods approach is only one way of organizing the complex issues that surround poverty. A central notion is that different households have different access livelihood assets, which the sustainable livelihood approach aims to expand. Sustainable livelihood initiatives are sets of activities that rural dwellers engage especially women in economic activities that have the propensity to adverting individual subsistence farming approach to a collaborative cooperative sector approach in order to increase productivity. Decisions on livelihood strategies may invoke natural-resource-based activities, nonnatural resource-based and off-farm activities, migration and remittances, pensions and grants, intensification versus diversification, and short-term versus long-term outcomes, some of which may compete. It can help plan development activities and assess the contribution that existing activities have made to sustaining livelihoods. However, it makes the connection between people and the overall enabling environment that influences the outcomes of livelihood strategies. There is no quick fix for this problem. activities which make up a livelihood strategy are known as a ‘livelihood portfolio’. This is the approach taken in this paper. Livelihoods & Natural Resource Management. The sustainable livelihoods framework helps to organize the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood opportunities and shows how they relate to one another. They enable people to transform one type of asset into another through markets. However, unlike other approaches that use the five capital assets such as utilized by Zurich Insurance Group, Ltd and the IFRC, the HLRA goes farther to help visualize the results and identify specific actions to build resilience. As such, vulnerability analysis (VA) may help to bring humanitarian work in line with DFID’s other main objectives and tie it in with the sustainable livelihoods approach. .... . It can help plan development activities and assess the contribution that existing activities have made to sustaining livelihoods. It invites them to look at contexts and relationships so that development activities can become more process-oriented. Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), in addition to defining the research questions and objectives. Not affiliated livelihood diversification is not necessarily synonymous with income diversification. They have a strong influence on interpersonal relations. It helps formulate development Conducted in partnership with the public and private sectors. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base.'. If material is not included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. For example, they can be very helpful in looking at the vulnerability of the poor to climate change and high food prices, at their resilience and ability to adapt, and at ways in which policies can help reduce vulnerability. A central notion is that different households have different access livelihood assets, which the sustainable livelihood approach aims to expand. pp 21-26 | 4.2.1 lists a set of guiding principles adopted by DFID in its support for sustainable livelihoods. Chapter 3 paints the Livelihood strategies aim to achieve livelihood outcomes. Source: Ashley and Carney (1999) p. 4. Sustainable livelihood framework is a tool for understanding how household livelihood system interacting with the outside environment. A livelihood is sustainable when it enables people to cope with and recover from shocks and stresses (such as natural disasters and economic or social upheavals) and enhance their well-being and that of future generations without undermining the natural environment or resource base. Sustainable Livelihood Analysis (SLA) has since the 1990s become the dominant approach to the implementation of development interventions by a number of major international agencies. We conclude this unit by drawing your attention to the sustainable livelihoods (SL) approach to development. Policy-determining structures cannot be effective in the absence of appropriate institutions and processes through which policies can be implemented. The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach The sustainable livelihoods approach is a way of thinking about the objectives, scope, and priorities for development activities. Poverty-focused development activity should be: SL approaches must be underpinned by a commitment to poverty eradication. The sustainable livelihoods approach improves understanding of the livelihoods of the poor. They provide incentives that stimulate people to make better choices. sustainable livelihood approach (SLA). 'A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. This approach is influenced by many of the themes that we have already looked at in this unit, including those of integrated rural development, basic needs, participation and sustainable development. People move in and out of poverty and the concept of vulnerability captures the processes of change better than poverty line measurements. Urban communities have to change their behaviour and attitudes, be willing to accept change, Indeed, it is because the poor lack it that the other types of capital are so important to them. Some of them may look familiar. The Sustainable Livelihood Program, also known as SLP, is a community-based program, which provides capacity building to improve the program participants’ socio-economic status. It must also be made appropriate to local circumstances and local priorities. provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for the next generation; and which contributes net benefits to other livelihoods at the local and global levels and in the short and long term. Its existence underlines the need to give choice and opportunities to the poor and build their ability to take advantage of these, and extend safety nets for those who still cannot achieve their livelihood objectives in a competitive environment. It is deemed sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities, assets, and activities both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base. Some further resources: Reading. Vulnerability has two facets: an external side of shocks, seasonalities, and critical trends; and an internal side of defenselessness caused by lack of ability and means to cope with these. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. opportunities and resources that will contribute to securing sustainable livelihoods. In particular, the sustainable livelihoods approach stresses the importance of understanding institutions by mapping the institutional framework and linking the micro to the macro and the formal to the informal Therefore, it calls for a new style of policy appraisal that moves from universal prescriptions to context-specific approaches that allow alternative, local perspectives to reveal themselves in the policy framework. The sustainable livelihoods framework helps to organize the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood opportunities and shows how they relate to one another. Repurposing and revitalising the sustainable livelihoods approach for the SDGs seems a good place to start – and 2030 is still a way off yet! The Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) and the Basic Needs Approach (BNA) make up the theoretical framework that is going to underpin this study. The aim of the book is to widen the debate around DFID's commitment to sustainable rural livelihoods. It compels them to look for multiple entry points and to move beyond a homogenous “community” view and a narrow sectoral perspective. The sustainable livelihoods approach improves understanding of the livelihoods of the poor. Essay on Sustainable Livelihood Framework/Approach. Livelihood strategies and outcomes are not just dependent on access to capital assets or constrained by the vulnerability context; they are also transformed by the environment of structures and processes. It focuses on the livelihoods of poor people, the complexity of those livelihoods, and the associated opportunities and constraints. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from the stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future without undermining the natural resource base (Chambers & Conway). It is based on evolving thinking about the way the poor and vulnerable live their lives and the importance of policies and institutions. Any dispute related to the use of the works of the Asian Development Bank that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The livelihood assets, which the poor must often make trade-offs and choices about, comprise: Vulnerability is characterized as insecurity in the well-being of individuals, households, and communities in the face of changes in their external environment. The sustainable livelihoods approach is no more than an attempt to provide a tool which is ‘useful to think with’. The most applied model is the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA) which states that the optimal availability of physical, natural, social, human, and financial assets improves the sustainability of livelihoods (Sati and Vangchhia 2017; Serrat 2017). Appreciative inquiry is a highly inclusive process that maximizes the positive (as opposed to minimizing the negative) in which a community takes responsibility for generating and gathering information and then forms strategies based on the most positive experiences of the past. The sustainable livelihoods framework. The livelihood assets, The sustainable livelihoods approach facilitates the identification of practical priorities for actions that are based on the views and interests of those concerned but they are not a panacea. It is based on evolving thinking about the way the poor and vulnerable live their lives and the importance of policies and institutions. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available, Knowledge Solutions It frees development practitioners from conventional approaches that are often restricted to identifying problems and finding solutions. organisational and institutional factors that influence sustainable livelihood outcomes. Fig. A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (stores, resources, claims and access) and activities required for a means of living: a livelihood is sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintain and enhance its capabilities and assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for the This framework provides guiding action to address and overcome poverty to become self-reliant, placing the … Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 IGO license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo/) which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the Asian Development Bank, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. One of the main problems the poor and vulnerable face is that the processes which frame their livelihoods may systematically restrict them unless the government adopts pro-poor policies that, in turn, filter down to legislation and even less formal processes. It involves financial capital, natural capital, human capital, physical capital and social capital (Rural Livelihood Systems). It does not replace other tools, such as participatory development, sector-wide approaches, or integrated rural development. Note that the link provided above includes additional terms and conditions of the license. SL approaches have their limitations too, especially in terms of their ability to look at how livelihoods link together at the national or even global level and in identifying sector-wide or economy-wide solutions to poverty. [7] These had been found to be too narrow because they focused only on certain aspects or manifestations of poverty, such as low income, or did not consider other vital aspects of poverty such as vulnerability and social exclusion. Chapter 2 expounds further on the theoretical framework, clarifying the aims, applications and principles of the SLA. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base.' Box: The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework—Strengths and Weaknesses, Seeks to understand changing combinations of modes of livelihood in a dynamic and historical context, Underplays elements of the vulnerability context, such as macroeconomic trends and conflict, Explicitly advocates a creative tension between different levels of analysis and emphasizes the importance of macro- and microlinkages, Assumes that capital assets can be expanded in generalized and incremental fashion, Acknowledges the need to move beyond narrow sectoral perspectives and emphasizes seeing the linkages between sectors, Does not pay enough attention to inequalities of power, Calls for investigation of the relationships between different activities that constitute livelihoods and draws attention to social relations, Underplays the fact that enhancing the livelihoods of one group can undermine those of another. Link provided above includes additional terms and conditions of the livelihoods of poor people the! 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