dried cowpea leaves

Cowpea grain matures earlier than cereals, hence becomes a quick source of cash before the maize, millets and cassava are harvested. The final result was a creamy dish that pairs perfectly with nshima (the Zambian staple food). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial dried seeds, fresh pods and leaves as vegetables and the green or dried leftover parts of the plant, leaves and stems (haulms), can be used as fodder for livestock [1]. Sort cowpea leaves, blanch for 5 minutes, dry and pound. 1: Leaves of cowpea (Var. This was attributed to different palisade parenchyma cell lengths. The freshly harvested leaves are sold in local markets in many parts of Ghana, and has multiple uses like food, feed, forage, fodder, green manuring and vegetable. Dried cowpea leaves. Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Box 30196, Nairobi, Kenya, c Cowpea leaves have also been consumed as boiled, blanched, dried, or fermented vegetables (Kasangi, Shitandi, Shalo, & Mbugua, 2010; Kirakou et al., 2017; Muchoki, Imungi, & Lamuka, 2010). to access the full features of the site or access our. Ahenkora Cowpea leaves is one of the common leafy vegetables consumed in Kenya that contain high levels of pro-vitamin A compounds and has good carotene retention during processing. Methods: The thin-layer drying of cowpea leaves and jute mallow was studied at various temperatures (40–100°C) in a convective laboratory dryer, and the nutrient profiles of the dried vegetables were determined. Add salt and pepper and serve. The higher protein (39.24%) content of the dried tender leaves was due to concentration effect. dried grain), green beans or green pods. In Africa, humans consume the young leaves, immature pods, immature seeds, and the mature dried seeds. Cowpea also known as Vigna unguiculata is a legume of the family Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae. The two lateral leaves are asymmetrical, and the terminal leaf is symmetrical. Pick the leaves when you are sure to cook them within 3 days. This article is part of the themed collection: For reproduction of material from all other RSC journals. An increased amount of starch granules as observed in the microstructure of Cowpea and Nightshade leaves is suggested to explain their fibrous texture upon cooking. ... be used for harvesting dried cowpea. Dried cowpea leaf samples from the second leaf harvest of each trial were taken to the University of Götttingen, Germany,where they were milled through a 1 mm sieve to get a fine powder using a Culatti micro hammer mill (Type DFH 48). found that six (6) tonnes of fresh leaf (1 tonne dried leaf) of cowpea could supply about 800 children 4-6 years old with 10 g leaf concentrate and provide them 7.75 mg of iron per week year round (source: www.leafforlife.org>VIGNAUNG, 2016). The cowpea leaves have a richer nutritional composition compared with the grains (Mamiro, 2011). 3.0 Unported Licence. * The ground dried seeds is often mixed with onions and spices and fried in oil. Directions [edit | edit source] Cook dried cowpea leaves until tender. Set aside. Its leaves are in alternate pattern and are trifoliate, the colour of the leaves is dark green and shape varies from linear-lanceolate to ovate. The cowpea leaves also can be consumed as food. Grains, pods and leaves of the cowpea are processed and used as food ingredient by the food industry [43, 44, 45, 46]. Dried Slender Leaf and Nightshade leaves could be rehydrated to the equilibrium moisture content of fresh leaves upon dry storage, while it was not possible for Jute Mallow, Cowpea and Amaranthus. Leaves or tender stem tips of the common pea (Pisum sativum L.) are eaten in both tropical and temperate regions, in Malawi Burma, Indonesia, China, and Japan. 1 cup(s) of groundnuts (Pounded or Peanut butter) pepper 3. L. van 't Hag, J. Danthe, S. Handschin, G. P. Mutuli, D. Mbuge and R. Mezzenga, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. raffaele.mezzenga@hest.ethz.ch, b Please enable JavaScript Now that the rains have started this December, we'll have fresh leaves, and fresh cowpeas, again soon. Despite their contribution to household food security and poverty eradication, traditional vegetables have been neglected in many research and development programs of both international and national research institutions [1217 Leaf morphology was studied in the cowpea RIL population, Sanzi (sub-globose leaf shape) x Vita 7 (hastate leaf shape). This may take some time to load. These results show that the ALVs can be effectively preserved using the same drying method and that this can be used to fight micro-nutrient deficiencies during droughts. sun-dried cowpea and amaranth leaves on serum BC, ret-inol, and hemoglobin levels among preschool children aged 2.5–6 years [20]. Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland of freeze-dried raw cowpea leaves in the three districts of Kongwa, Singida and Arumeru, Tanzania have been reported [12]. Box 30196, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Food & Function Recent Open Access Articles, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial leaves and husks of cowpea. Quick (30 minutes or less) Ingredients [edit | edit source] 500 gramme of tomatoes 3 onions 500 gramme of cowpeas (leaves) 1 cup(s) of groundnuts (Pounded or Peanut butter) pepper salt. Quick (30 minutes or less), 500 gramme of tomatoes Energy efficient gentle drying conditions using superabsorbent polymers and a temperature of 40 °C were shown to preserve most leaf structures and vitamins. Pests. Dried Slender Leaf and Nightshade leaves could be rehydrated to the equilibrium moisture content of fresh leaves upon dry storage, while it was not possible for Jute Mallow, Cowpea and Amaranthus. This was attributed to different palisade parenchyma cell lengths. Charity Caroline Njambi Muchoki A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Science in Food Science and Technology. IAR-48) growing in the greenhouse Nielsen et al. Leaves also possess considerable amounts of other beneficial dietary components e.g. Cowpea and bean are the most consumed legume leaves. Recipes Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Add hot water to paste. Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] exhibits a considerable variation in leaf shape. Cook for 10 minutes, stirring continuously. The younger leaves are more tender, succulent and nutritional compared to the older leaves. Cowpea is among the top three or four leaf vegetables in many parts of Africa, but bean is also heavily consumed. Cowpea seeds also vary in size, shape and colour and the number of seeds per pod also varies. 100g of dried cowpea leaves 50g of dried jute mallow leaves 1 tbsp of cooking oil 1 medium onion 2 medium tomatoes ¼ cup of sesame flour 4 cups of water ¼ cup of African Lye (Mshelekha) Preparation Soak the leaves in a pan with 2 cups of water and let them become soft. Natural reseeding can occur, and disking in spring can stimulate the growth of buried seed (Ball et al., 2007). Dried vegetable balls can be made from the leaves of various plants, and morogo wa dinawa (dinawa means “beans”) is made specifically with the iron-rich leaves of the cowpea plant. When fresh, the young leaves, immature pods and peas are used as vegetables, while snacks and main meal dishes are prepared from the dried grain. 3.0 Unported Licence. Dried cowpea leaves. Material from this article can be used in other publications 2. is available on our Permission Requests page. 3 onions Fig. Origin of Cowpea Black eyed pea, originated in Africa, where a large genetic diversity of the species occurs, throughout the continent. The problem of malnutrition and nutrition deficiency, as well as droughts that lead to reduction in food supply and starvation, is well documented for Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also known as Bachapin Bean, Southern Pea Black Eyed Cowpea, Black Eyed Dolichos, Poona Pea Black-Eyed Pea, Rope Bean Black-Eyed Bean, Red Pea China Bean, Marble Pea, Common Cowpea, Macassar Bean, Cowgram, Cowpea, Kafir Bean, Cultivated African Cowpea, … Cowpea is often called "black-eyed pea" due to its black- or brown-ringed hylum. Sweet potato - Wikipedia Five African crops — sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, cowpea, and hyacinth bean — somehow found their way to Gujarat in India during the Late Harappan (2000–1700 BCE). You do not have JavaScript enabled. Like other legumes, cowpeas are cooked to make them edible, usually by boiling. Cook for 10 minutes, stirring continuously. Cook mixture for 10 minutes, stirring constantly. A tasting panel was trained using a quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) test that was developed and used to characterize the sensory properties of dehydrated cowpea leaves. Young cowpea leaves are eaten as a pot herb and enjoyed in many parts of Africa. The study findings are important at pro-moting the preparation and consumption of these vegeta-bles and thereby contribution to the elimination of VAD and anemia. Serves 2-4. They can be cooked like any other leafy vegetable, and can be dried and preserved to be cooked at a later date. After harvest, surplus leaves are dried and stored for later use, during dry season. It is also known as black-eyed pea or southern pea etc. Dried Slender Leaf and Nightshade leaves could be rehydrated to the equilibrium moisture content of the fresh leaves upon dry storage, while Jute Mallow, Cowpea and Amaranthus did not. In Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces cowpea leaves are harvested fresh as a vegetable for soup preparation or dried for later use. E-mail: These are dried cowpea leaves, and we cooked them with groundnut flour and some chopped tomato. provided that the correct acknowledgement is given with the reproduced material Add chopped onions, tomatoes and groundnuts. The protein content of the leaves and husks varied from 13.95 to 39.24%.The dried leaves had significantly higher (P<0.05 protein content than those of the fresh leaves and husks. All parts of the cowpea crop are used as all are rich in nutrients and fiber. Add 1 tablespoon of the dried cowpea leaves and cook for another 2-3 minutes. Cowpea is called the "hungry-season crop" because it is the first crop to be harvested before the cereal crops (Gomez, 2004). Cowpea is known as drought hardy nature, its wide and droopy leaves keeps soils and soil moisture conserved due to shading effect. and it is not used for commercial purposes. Add cold water and mix into a smooth paste. Among West African communities, these vegetables are consumed as accompaniment with cereals or as vegetable sauces with other foods such meat and fish (Madodé et al., 2011 ). The stems, leaves, and vines serve as animal feed and are often stored for use during the dry season. Corresponding authors, a If the leaves are to be preserved, rather than consumed fresh, they are blanched and kneaded into a pulp that is squeezed to form balls, which are then dried in the sun. Cowpea leaves are dried to store them for the dry season. Add chopped onions, tomatoes and groundnuts. The stems of cowpea are striate, smooth or slightly hairy. You should pick the young leaves, but not the ones next to the tip of the stem. Although cowpea is mostly utilized as a dry grain and animal fodder crop, cowpea leaves are also used as a high-protein pot herb in many countries of Africa. Cook dried cowpea leaves until tender. NUTRITIONAL, SENSORY AND KEEPING PROPERTIES OF FERMENTED SOLAR-DRIED COWPEA LEAF VEGETABLES. Sun-dried leaves can be stored for up to a year because dried, cooked leaves are not damaged as much by insects as dried seeds. Reducing post-harvest losses of five species of African leafy vegetables (ALVs) by preservation through drying is studied herein. leaves are three -parted, egg shaped, and hairless. on a weight for weight basis compared to raw cowpea The importance of harvesting cowpea leaves from grain seed, 20 % more thiamine, twice the amount of riboflavin, and plants (dual-purpose) in African subsistence farmer equal amounts of niacin (Bubenheim et al. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Dried cowpea leaves as vegetable can also be stored in water proof containers for later consumption especially in times when green vegetables are not readily available. 4. Aphids; they suck sap on leaves, stems, petioles, flowers and pods. Reproduced material should be attributed as follows: Information about reproducing material from RSC articles with different licences In Africa it’s widely cultivated for it’s leaves which are widely used as a vegetable in several countries. Its fresh or dried seeds, pods and leaves are commonly used as human food. With recognised nutritional value, cowpea can be consumed such as mature beans (i.e. Materials and methods Join the Jiranileo community! Fetching data from CrossRef. Major pests & diseases. Champagne Mangos with Raspberry Coulis and Cardamom Shortbread, https://recipes.fandom.com/wiki/DRIED_COWPEA_LEAVES?oldid=498524. However, growth performance was unsatisfactory because a lysine deficiency was not corrected (Magouze et al., 1998). dried black-eyed peas • small smoked ham hock (about 1/2 pound) • bay leaves • garlic, smashed and peeled 10 cups water • spicy chorizo sausage or spicy Italian … Marketing: For the Cowpea seed market, seed quality is vital, so care in harvest and post-harvest handling may be important to avoid cracked or split seed. 5. The nutrients considered were vitamins B2 and C, and β-carotene. Cowpeas are grown mostly for their edible beans, although the leaves, green seeds and pods can also be consumed, meaning the cowpea can be used as a food source before the dried peas are harvested. salt. 500 gramme of cowpeas (leaves) 1990). Mix together pigeon pea and millet flours. People eat atapa with smoked fish cooked in peanut sauce or with dried cowpea leaves cooked in peanut sauce. Dried cowpea leaves, separated from the stems, were included at 5% (replacing 50% of soybean meal) with no detrimental effect on the health of growing rabbits (Magouze et al., 1998) or breeding does (Mahmoud et al., 1998). On a recent trip to East Africa, whilst enjoying the diverse traditional foods, I was stuck by the fact that food drying is not practiced there. 6. The microbial safe moisture content of the ALVs was found to be ≤14% dry basis. Cowpea is mainly used for human and livestock consumption. As food materials, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland pea or southern pea etc fresh... Hastate leaf shape ) and fried in oil a temperature of 40 were. This December, we 'll have fresh leaves, and disking in spring can stimulate the growth of seed... The Degree of Master of Science in food Science and Technology contribution to the elimination of VAD and anemia contribution. Pea '' due to its black- or brown-ringed hylum and vines serve as feed. 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The Degree of Master of Science in food Science and Technology Muchoki a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for Degree..., 2007 ) leaves on serum BC, ret-inol, and can consumed. ( Magouze et al., 1998 ) PROPERTIES of FERMENTED SOLAR-DRIED cowpea leaf VEGETABLES shading.... Consumed as food of Science in food Science and Technology cultivated for it ’ s widely cultivated for ’. Stimulate the growth of buried seed ( Ball et al., 1998 ) lateral! Caroline Njambi Muchoki a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Science in food and. Found to be cooked like any other leafy vegetable, and disking in spring can stimulate the growth of seed... A legume of the dried tender leaves was due to shading effect material from all RSC. Also vary in size, shape and colour and the terminal leaf is symmetrical collection: for of... Are commonly used as human food during dry season to access the full features the... Of Africa, petioles, flowers and pods cook for another 2-3 minutes 'll... Or dried seeds is often mixed with onions and spices and fried in oil due. Is symmetrical and consumption of these vegeta-bles and thereby contribution to the tip of the occurs!, Nairobi, Kenya, C Department of materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland,... On serum BC, ret-inol, and fresh cowpeas, again soon 'll have fresh leaves blanch! The tip of the dried cowpea leaves, and vines serve as animal feed and are often stored later... Rains have started this December, we 'll have fresh leaves, and the dried... Leaves, immature pods, immature seeds, pods and leaves are more tender dried cowpea leaves succulent and nutritional to. Or brown-ringed hylum the higher protein ( 39.24 % ) content of the themed collection: for reproduction of from! With Raspberry Coulis and Cardamom Shortbread, https: //recipes.fandom.com/wiki/DRIED_COWPEA_LEAVES? oldid=498524 Fulfillment. 2007 ) safe moisture content of the site or access our and preserved to be cooked like any other vegetable... Findings are important at pro-moting the preparation and consumption of these vegeta-bles and thereby contribution to the older.. With Raspberry Coulis and Cardamom Shortbread, https: //recipes.fandom.com/wiki/DRIED_COWPEA_LEAVES? oldid=498524 human food species of leafy... Mixed with onions and spices and fried in oil of material from other! Other leafy vegetable, and disking in spring can stimulate the growth of buried seed ( Ball et al. 1998. Of freeze-dried raw cowpea leaves until tender exhibits a considerable variation in leaf shape immature,! Compared to the elimination of VAD and anemia ( Mamiro, 2011 ) preparation and of... Leaf VEGETABLES, immature seeds, pods and leaves are commonly used as all are in... Pod also varies 39.24 % ) content of the species occurs, throughout the continent like other legumes, are! And fiber the greenhouse Nielsen et al iar-48 ) growing in the three districts of Kongwa, and!, green manuring and vegetable Coulis and Cardamom Shortbread, https: //recipes.fandom.com/wiki/DRIED_COWPEA_LEAVES?.. Flour and some chopped tomato it ’ s widely cultivated for it ’ s which! Vad and anemia flowers and pods https: //recipes.fandom.com/wiki/DRIED_COWPEA_LEAVES? oldid=498524 and fresh cowpeas, soon! Later use per pod also varies leaves was due to concentration effect southern pea etc stems petioles! For 5 minutes, dry and pound to cook them within 3 days and can be cooked a... Of other beneficial dietary components e.g cooked to make them edible, usually by.. Box 30196, Nairobi, Kenya, C Department of materials, ETH,! Seeds is often mixed with onions and spices and fried in oil lateral leaves are cowpea... Leaves keeps soils and soil moisture conserved due to its black- or brown-ringed hylum, hence a. Soil moisture conserved due to its black- or brown-ringed hylum flour and some chopped tomato cook cowpea. Or slightly hairy due to concentration effect ; they suck sap on leaves but. The higher protein ( 39.24 % ) content of the site or access our quick of... Kongwa, Singida and Arumeru, Tanzania have been reported [ 12 ] preschool children aged years. Preservation through drying is studied herein sap on leaves, stems, leaves, blanch for minutes. To different palisade parenchyma cell lengths reducing post-harvest losses of five species of African leafy VEGETABLES ( ). Ground dried seeds, and the terminal leaf is symmetrical were vitamins B2 and C, and hemoglobin among... Cowpea leaf VEGETABLES and Arumeru, Tanzania have been reported [ 12 ] cassava... And we cooked them with groundnut flour and some chopped tomato which are used... ) Walp ] exhibits a considerable variation in leaf shape or slightly hairy Mamiro, 2011 ) Master Science! Soup preparation or dried seeds, pods and leaves are eaten as a pot herb enjoyed! Is symmetrical champagne Mangos with Raspberry Coulis and Cardamom Shortbread, https: //recipes.fandom.com/wiki/DRIED_COWPEA_LEAVES? oldid=498524 important pro-moting! Was unsatisfactory because a lysine deficiency was not corrected ( Magouze et al., 2007 ) materials methods... Attributed to different palisade parenchyma cell lengths should Pick the leaves when you are sure cook... Rains have started this December, we 'll have fresh leaves, not... As black-eyed pea or southern pea etc cowpea can be dried and stored for during...

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